Self-assessment manikins (SAMs) are visual tools used in psychology to help individuals express their feelings and emotions. Let's take a journey through the history of these fascinating tools and explore their evolving role in psychological evaluation.

What Are Self-Assessment Manikins?

Self-assessment manikins are typically illustrated figures that represent various emotional states. They are designed to make it easy for people to identify and communicate their feelings without needing complex language. Here’s how they work:

• Visual Representation: Each manikin represents different emotions, typically ranging from happiness to sadness.
• User Interaction: Individuals select the manikin that best represents their current emotional state.

Historical Development

1. Early Beginnings

The concept of using Visual aids in psychology dates back to the early 20th century. Psychologists recognized that many people struggle to articulate their feelings. Visual aids provided an alternative way to express emotions.

2. The 1980s: A Breakthrough Era

• Paul Ekman: The work of psychologist Paul Ekman on emotions led to a greater understanding of how individuals express feelings. His research laid the groundwork for tools like SAMs.
• The Birth of SAMs: In the late 1980s, the first self-assessment manikins were introduced. They featured simple faces representing various emotions, making them easy to understand.

3. 1990s-2000s: Widespread Adoption

• Psychological Evaluations: During this period, SAMs gained popularity in clinical settings. Therapists began using them to gauge patients' emotional states during sessions.
• Research Studies: Numerous studies validated the effectiveness of SAMs in assessing emotions, further cementing their place in psychological evaluation.

How Self-Assessment Manikins Are Used Today

Today, SAMs are employed in various settings, including:

• Clinical Psychology: Therapists utilize SAMs to help patients discuss their feelings, especially in cases where verbal communication is challenging.
• Research: Psychologists use SAMs in studies to measure emotional responses in participants.
• Education: SAMs are employed in educational settings to help students learn about emotions and improve emotional literacy.

Types of Self-Assessment Manikins

Self-assessment manikins come in various forms, each designed for specific uses:

• Basic SAMs: Simple designs with faces showing basic emotions like happy, sad, angry, and anxious.
• Expanded SAMs: More complex versions that include a wider range of emotions and nuances.
• Digital SAMs: Interactive digital versions that can be used in apps and online platforms, making them accessible to a broader audience.

Real-Life Examples

• In Therapy: A therapist might present a patient with a SAM to help them express feelings they struggle to articulate. For example, a patient might select a sad manikin to indicate they are feeling down, which opens up a dialogue.
• In Research: A study on stress might use SAMs to measure participants' emotional responses before and after an intervention. This allows researchers to quantify emotional changes effectively.

Conclusion

Self-assessment manikins have come a long way since their inception. They continue to evolve, adapting to the needs of individuals and professionals in psychology. Through their simple yet effective design, SAMs bridge the gap between complex emotions and straightforward communication, making them invaluable tools in psychological evaluation.