The Input Hypothesis: Key to Language Learning
Input Hypothesis
language learning
Stephen Krashen
The Input Hypothesis is a fascinating concept introduced by linguist Stephen Krashen. It plays an important role in understanding how we acquire language, whether it’s a first language or a new one. Let’s break it down in simple terms.
What Is the Input Hypothesis?
At its core, the Input Hypothesis suggests that we learn a language best when we are exposed to language input that is slightly above our current level of understanding. This means we should hear or read material that challenges us just a bit, but is still comprehensible.
Key Components
- Comprehensible Input: This is language that learners can mostly understand, even if they don’t grasp every single word.
- i+1 Formula: The ‘i’ represents the learner’s current level, and the ‘+1’ indicates the slightly more challenging material.
Steps to Apply the Input Hypothesis
- Assess Current Level: Determine your current language proficiency.
- Choose Appropriate Material: Select books, podcasts, or conversations that are a bit more complex than what you’re used to.
- Engage Regularly: Consistent exposure to this slightly challenging input helps in gradual learning.
- Practice Understanding: Focus on the context and try to grasp the overall message, even if you miss some details.
Types of Input
- Written Input: Books, articles, and emails are great examples. Choose genres you enjoy.
- Oral Input: Listening to native speakers through movies, music, or podcasts can enhance your learning.
- Interactive Input: Engaging in conversations or language exchange with others makes learning dynamic.
Real-Life Examples
- Reading a Novel: If you’re a beginner in English and usually read children’s books, try reading a young adult novel. Even if some words are new, the storyline will help you guess meanings.
- Watching Movies: If you understand basic Spanish, try watching Spanish films with English subtitles. You’ll hear natural speech while still being able to follow along.
- Language Meetups: Joining a local language group where you can practice speaking with others who are at a similar or slightly higher level can be beneficial.
Comparison with Other Theories
- Behaviorist Theory: Focuses on reinforcement and repetition, while the Input Hypothesis emphasizes understanding and context.
- Cognitive Theory: Stresses mental processes, whereas the Input Hypothesis highlights the importance of external language exposure.
Conclusion
The Input Hypothesis provides a practical framework for language learning that focuses on meaningful communication and gradual progression. By using this approach, learners can feel more motivated and less overwhelmed.